History of the Black Lives Matter Movement

History of the Black Lives Matter Movement A Change Overdue Throughout history, protesting and standing up for a cause has been very common. It’s essentially a part of American history. However, some make bigger impacts than others.   Peter Katel states in his article titled Racial Conflict, â€Å"Three words — Black Lives Matter — have sparked a new argument over race in America. Demonstrators chanting and tweeting that slogan have protested the deaths of African-Americans, many of them unarmed, at the hands of police officers — most of them white — in cities across the country in the past two years.† (15) The Black Lives Matter movement has fueled the fire for the discussion of racial equality in America. Most people felt, before the rise of the movement, that this topic of discussion was not necessary to discuss. The idea was that racism was non-existent in America and was not as bad as previous years throughout history. The movement has become very controversial and has resulted in some changes regarding police procedures but also an increased amount of violence in the black community. There are differing moral and political opinions, therefore the issue has no resolution as of now. Opposition has always been a part of American politics, but it is believed that Donald Trump’s election has sparked a larger era of protests. In an article titled Citizen Protests Alan Greenblatt says, â€Å"Fueled by social media, demonstrations have arisen over Trump administration policies on such issues as health care, climate change and immigration. Meanwhile, alleged police brutality and the removal of Confederate monuments have aroused mass protests, some violent.† (1) The size of today’s protests is reminiscent of the many protests in American history and especially the civil rights movement of the 1960s. The United States was founded in an act of protest, a rebellion against British colonial power. The Revolutionary War was followed by protests, such as the Boston Tea Party in 1773.Greenblatt goes on to say, â€Å"There was no time in American history when all views could be aired without some restrictions†¦There have always been some views that so me people thought were so repugnant and dangerous that they couldnt be allowed to be heard.† (8) The recent opposition of Trump’s presidency and protests related to Black Lives Matter follows right along with the U. S’s history of mass demonstrations. Today’s racial tensions began in the trans-Atlantic slave trade. New attention was focused on dangers to black males in 2012 when a neighborhood watch volunteer kills black teenager Trayvon Martin in Florida. The slogan Black Lives Matter first showed up in media reports after the 2014 shooting of black teenager Michael Brown by Ferguson, Mo police officer Darren Wilson, resulting in Brown’s death. A series of mass demonstrations grew into the Black Lives Matter movement after multiple unarmed black men and boys were killed by police in New York City, Ohio, North Carolina, etc.   Criticism of the movement grew as African Americans became more violent towards police. Incidents include the December 2014 killing of two New York City officers and the September 2015 shooting of Houston Deputy Sheriff Darren Goforth. This sparked a counter position labeled as Police Lives Matter. Today’s conflicts between police and African Americans have stimulated debate about the larger issue of race in America. Over the past three years, the rise of the Black Lives Matter movement has inspired protests across the country against police violence. Some were continual over several weeks and drew a massive, militarized response from law enforcement. Some cities who held these massive demonstrations include: Ferguson, Mo, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and Baltimore, Maryland. Collier Meyerson stated in an article titled When Protesting Police Violence Puts you in the Crosshairs, â€Å"†¦SWAT teams equipped with tear gas, armored vehicles, and rifles patrolled the streets, and protesters were subject to mass arrests and police brutality. In Ferguson, 10 days of protesting led to 150 arrests—80 percent of them for failure to disperse. Nearly 200 protesters were arrested in Baton Rouge. In Baltimore, a group of aggrieved residents sued the city† (20). Advocates for the Black Lives Matter movement argue that the emergence of the movement is mainly due to the impacts that police brutality and injustice in America has had on people of color. The impact is not only emotional but psychological as well. Over the past two decades, the militarization of police forces has given black Americans more to fear. â€Å"With current technology, police killing of Black people is recorded for public scrutiny and consumption. Access to these videos has led to unprecedented public discourse on what constitutes brutality, its connections to White supremacy, and the consequences for Black lives† (Alang 662). After the terrorist’s attacks in 2001, because of the severity of the attack on the country, police resources increased massively. Police officers now are trained as if they are in the military and use military strategies to manage protesters. Poor treatment by law-enforcement officers has been a reality of African-American life since before the United States existed. Even after the success of the civil-rights movement, police brutality and discrimination in the criminal-justice system didn’t end, they just became hidden. Over the course of the past three years, the emergence of the Black Lives Matter movement has inspired protests. According to the U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics, Today, black men are six times more likely to be incarcerated than white men, and black women more than twice as likely as white women. Black men are three times more likely than white men to die at the hands of law enforcement. While advocates of the Black Lives Matter movement argue that the movement is a positive, productive way towards change that brings awareness to the racial tensions in America, opposers of the movement believe the movement promotes violence and is wrong and could even be classified as a hate group. Most opposers believe that both sides are to blame for the violence that comes from protests and rallies related to Black Lives Matter. Recently, Donald Trump stated that he agrees with the idea that both sides are to blame for violence. Trump’s election brought a new agenda for the movement’s opposers. Efforts were made to undo the things done during the Obama administration. The views of Trump brought on a debate from advocates and opposers of the Black Lives Matter movement. â€Å"As the 2016 presidential campaign unfolded, BLM activists gained a reputation for using disruption as a way to push the movement’s key issues† (McLain 13). The Black Lives Matter Movement has created a conversation within the country as well as across the world. â€Å"Black Lives Matter represents one of the most influential and controversial of the contemporary protests movements.   Much of the controversy is connected to misunderstanding, distorted portrayals, and attempts to discredit the movement† (Hoffman 596) Most minorities in America believe The Black Lives Matter movement should be recognized and challenged. During the civil rights movement, students protested and created movements like the Freedom Rides, people young and old marched on Washington, and many activists spoke out against injustice and locked arms with black men and women to demand change. In this era where racial tensions are at a high because of recent events, each of us should think about how we can effect change in all our communities and work to make it happen. It is time to speak up and speak out against injustice and wrong As Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. said: The ultimate tragedy is not the oppression and cruelty by the bad people but the silence over that by the good people. Work Cited Alang, Sirry, et al. Police Brutality and Black Health: Setting the Agenda for Public Health Scholars. American Journal of Public Health, vol. 107, no. 5, May 2017, pp. 662-665. EBSCOhost, doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303691. Greenblatt, Alan. Citizen Protests. CQ Researcher, 5 Jan. 2018, pp. 1-24, library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/cqresrre2018010500. Hoffman, Louis, et al. An Existential–Humanistic Perspective on Black Lives Matter and Contemporary Protest Movements. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, vol. 56, no. 6, Nov. 2016, pp. 595-611. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1177/0022167816652273. Katel, P. (2016, January 8). Racial conflict. CQ Researcher, 26, 25-48. Retrieved from http://library.cqpress.com/ McClain, Dani. The Future of BLM. (Cover Story). Nation, vol. 305, no. 8, 09 Oct. 2017, pp. 1216.EBSCOhost, libraries.ou.edu/access.aspx? url=http://search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.lib.ou.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=125280009&site=ehost-live. Meyerson, Collier. When Protesting Police Violence Puts You in the Crosshairs. Nation, vol. 305, no. 16, 18 Dec. 2017, pp. 16-21. EBSCOhost, libraries.ou.edu/access.aspx? url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=126492359&site=ehost-live.

Emotions & Brody Essay

Brody (2001) defines â€Å"emotions as motivational systems with physiological, behavioral, experiential, and cognitive components† (p. 15). The author adds that â€Å"emotions have a positive or negative valence and also vary in intensity or arousal levels, from mild to strong† (p. 15). Emotional expression indicates outward manifestation on an individual’s face, while emotional experience is a state of feeling that only the individual knows it (Brody, 2001). Emotional expression may either play a role as a self-communicative function or may reflect the behavioral and physiological arousal together with the emotional experience (Brody, 2001). Expression of feelings may help an individual to determine the characteristic of an emotional experience (Brody, 2001). Factors that influence facial expression rely on the individual who expresses the emotion, the individual who perceives the emotion, the message expressed in each channel, and previous experience (Ekman & Sullivan, 1991). Facial feedback pertains to patterned proprioceptive feedback coming from the muscle activity in the face or from integrated expressions in the face (Ekman & Sullivan, 1991). According to Ekman and Sullivan (1991), the facial feedback hypothesis is an important determining factor of the experience of emotion. The authors add that the facial feedback hypothesis contends that an individual can utilize information from his or her own facial behavior to figure out what he or she feels. The facial feedback hypothesis also claims that the expression of emotion causes autonomic, hormonal, and behavioral alterations that initiate the experience of the emotion (Brody, 2001). Facial expressions are being utilized by individuals as clues as to what emotions they are experiencing or in making judgments concerning their attitudes (Brody, 2001). A positive facial expression show more positive reactions such as understanding instead of anger, than those individuals who are showing angry facial expressions (Brody, 2001). Emotional experience happens when unforeseen changes in personally significant goals are realized (Stein, Hernandez, & Trabasso, 2008). The situation that surrounds an emotion starts when a precipitating event happens and warns an individual to some type of alterations in a personally significant goal (Stein, Hernandez, & Trabasso, 2008). An emotional episode is defined as a â€Å"sequence of events that includes the precipitating event; appraisals of the change in the status of a goal; the physiological and neurophysiological reactions that occur in relation to the change; the emotional reaction itself; and subsequent appraisal, planning, and behavior sequences carried out to cope with the impact of the goal change† (Stein, Hernandez, & Trabasso, 2008, p. 575). An emotional response of an individual should continue to be expressed or experienced if new meaning is realized from discovering a repeated event in order for the event to be connected to new information not previously accessed (Stein, Hernandez, & Trabasso, 2008). Appraisal theory contends that emotions rely on understanding the adaptational relevance or personal significance of a situation (Parkinson, 2001). Appraisal is influenced by several factors such as perceptual, sensory-motor, and cognitive processes (Parkinson, 2001). Furthermore, appraisal processes are believed to happen between input and output in a cognitive system of an individual (Parkinson, 2001). They are influenced by an ongoing dialogue, in which interpersonally distributed cognition was used to achieve emotional conclusions (Parkinson, 2001). When an individual describes his or her experience based on a given emotion, he or she has a tendency to manifest distinctive patterns of appraisal corresponding to the given emotion (Parkinson, 2001). This means that an individual’s everyday emotional representations are linked with relatively consistent attributes of appraisal profiles (Parkinson, 2001). References Brody, L. (2001). Gender, emotion, and the family. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Ekman, P. & O’Sullivan, M. (1991). Facial expression: Methods, means, and moues. In R. S. Feldman & B. Rime (Eds. ), Fundamentals of nonverbal behavior (pp. 163-199). Cambridge University Press. Parkinson, B. (2001). Putting appraisal in context. In K. R. Scherer, A. Schorr, & T. Johnstone (Eds. ), In Appraisal processes in emotion: Theory, methods, research (pp. 173-186). USA: Oxford University Press. Stein, N. L. , Hernandez, M. W. , & Trabasso, T. (2008). In M. Lewis, J. M. Haviland-Jones, L. F. Barrett (Eds. ), Handbook of emotions (pp. 574-586). United Kingdom: Guilford Press.

Top Buy a Essay Choices

Top Buy a Essay Choices Buy a Essay for Dummies One other great advantage is the last outcome you will receive on your essay after you get expert sample writing help. The idea is to select a topic you're really very good at. With our help you can get an essay just in a couple of clicks of your mouse. When you purchase custom essay from BestEssayHelp, we guarantee you will have the service of a life-time and will return for more academic writing assistance and support. Ok, I Think I Understand Buy a Essay, Now Tell Me About Buy a Essay! For anybody who is not tasked having a certain subject to create on, you're in a position to choose to obtain an essay from a huge quantity of pre-written essays. When you have to compose an essay, it can be an extremely challenging job, so sometimes it's much less difficult to purchase essay cheap. You don't need to worry as you will get your essay in time. As a result, if you would like to purchase essay now, consider us. Our essay writers will guarantee that the essay is going to be written depending on your instructions. To get essay is a great way out. Even when you have written the essay on your own, it doesn't indicate that it's absolutely unique. Then you're going to get an ideal essay. To become part of our team, a writer should demonstrate a high degree of English and a considerable comprehension of the topic he or she's ready to write about, which is tested during the admission procedure. Thus, the ideal website for you is not necessarily the ideal solution for others. Even though the reason that you order essay on the internet is to save time in the future, it actually is well worth doing your homework and ensuring that you're getting access to the very best custom order essays possible. Vital Pieces of Buy a Essay Then you'll get a unique discount from us. Therefore, it's fairly safe to set an order there. When you purchase a paper online, you're purchasing a guarantee. You'll re alize that you can get an essay online cheap from us whenever you require it the moment you find the caliber of the initial one you order. Lies You've Been Told About Buy a Essay Our writing company will lead you through the procedure, no matter what type of paper you demand. While you considering whether to get essays, it's a superb concept to consider the advantages of utilizing a personalized sample writing service like Ultius. Like every service provided by a company, it's an excellent concept to trust but verify. You just conserve time that could be spent with much greater benefit. The Lost Secret of Buy a Essay Your essay needs to have a very clear structure logically connecting one section with a different one. Taking into consideration the subject of your assignment, its degree of difficulty or length, our certified term paper writers have all the required skills to create an outstanding project. To describe something utilizing a very long checklist of adjectives is n't the best approach you may choose, unfortunately. In addition, the essay thesis has to be a plan of attack for what the body paragraphs are likely to be about. Knowing whether it's right or wrong to purchase essay on the internet is a critical debate among students. Essays are definitely the most common kinds of academic assignments that students need to do. They appear to be one of the key tasks many students need to handle at different stages of their studying. You will receive the ideal essay that will certainly impress your professor. Using Ultius that will help you with your essay writing is not simply convenient, but in addition it contributes to better outcomes. To purchase an essay in the united kingdom look no further than here. Make certain you purchase essay from a trustworthy service like our own. Essay writing one would say it's an easy endeavor. It is critical to understand that several reasons make students to find aid from online services like our own. When you purchase an essay online cheap there's always a chance that the website you got it from isn't professional enough, and it's exactly the reason why they do not ask much for their expert services. Anyone thinking of an inexpensive essay writing service should become familiar with the company, its services, the length of time they've been in. Essay writing service businesses provide unlimited customer service to their clientele. The Advantages of Buy a Essay If you don't need to get essays online, you can go for the aid of our specialists. You understand that you won't be in a position to resist. If you wish to purchase an essay online, our group of competent professionals is prepared to help. The Buy a Essay Pitfall Every form of academic paper has its exclusive characteristics and requirements. You might even learn a few suggestions on the best way to make your writing skills better. If you get essay online because your task is really important and you can't afford to fail the grade consider requesting the maximum high quality standard. With us, you can purchase an essay online safely and be sure you get premium quality content that hasn't been plagiarized from the net. Life After Buy a Essay At this point you have a terrific opportunity to purchase essay papers online with just a couple of clicks. What's more, the amount of essays which should be written over the course of a semester is nowhere near the amount of fingers a typical person has. All things considered, you're always welcome here! It's possible to order essays online using our site. Nowadays it's easy to buy essays online since the procedure is fast and private. Buy a Essay Secrets If you would like to obtain argumentative essay or some other sort of paper, simply stick to the exact same ordering procedure. You must revise a paper. Essay paper is just one of the most typical tasks many students want to take care of. If you've got an already written paper or only a draft , we'll allow you to compose a perfect essay and receive the maximum grade.

Covalent Radius Definition in Chemistry

The covalent radius refers to the size of an atom that forms part of a single covalent bond. Covalent radius is expressed in terms of picometers (pm) or angstroms (Ã…). In theory, the sum of two covalent radii should equal the covalent bond length between two atoms, but in practice the length of the bond depends on the chemical environment. Charts are also compiled for the covalent radius for double and triple covalent chemical bonds. Covalent Radius vs Atomic Radius There are other methods of gauging the size of atoms. Technically, they are all estimates of the atomic radius. However, data tables of the atomic radius are for the distance between the centers of the nuclei of atoms that are just touching each other. In this context, touching means the outermost electron shells are in contact with each other. The ionic radius is another method of estimating atom size. The ionic radius is half the distance between two atoms touching each other in a crystal lattice (atoms forming an ionic bond). The covalent radius and ionic radius may be larger or smaller than the atomic radius of an atom of an element. In general, atomic radius follows a trend in the periodic table in which the radius increases moving down an element group and decreases moving left to right across a period. Sources Pyykkà ¶, P.; Atsumi, M. (2009). Molecular Single-Bond Covalent Radii for Elements 1-118. Chemistry: A European Journal. 15: 186–197. doi:10.1002/chem.200800987Sanderson, R. T. (1983). Electronegativity and Bond Energy. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 105 (8): 2259–2261. doi:10.1021/ja00346a026